Maternal Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences and Prenatal Smoking

Prenatal smoking is associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes as well health problems in early childhood. Recent research determined that maternal childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the odds of during pregnancy. We consider role protective compensatory (PACEs) an effort to examine extent which positive are factors for behaviors. Between 2015-2018, 309 pregnant women Oklahoma recruited from high-risk prenatal clinics, childbirth education classes, social media were surveyed about their behaviors Ordinal regression analysis was used association between ACEs, PACEs, frequency. Similar prior studies, we found more ACEs reported frequently Women PACEs significantly less frequent smoking. With both model, however, no longer a significant predictor Our findings suggest may be salient than experiences. Identifying risk such can offer target intervention prevention.